refluksiga

Refluksiga, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a chronic digestive disease. It occurs when stomach acid or, occasionally, stomach content, flows back into the esophagus. The esophagus is a tube that connects the throat and stomach. This backwash irritates the lining of the esophagus, causing symptoms.

The most common symptom of refluksiga is heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest, often occurring after eating. Other symptoms can include regurgitation of food or sour liquid, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and a sensation of a lump in the throat. Some people may experience chronic cough, laryngitis, or asthma symptoms.

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscular ring at the bottom of the esophagus, normally prevents stomach contents from flowing back up. In individuals with refluksiga, this sphincter may weaken or relax inappropriately, allowing reflux to occur. Factors contributing to this can include obesity, pregnancy, certain foods and drinks (like fatty foods, chocolate, alcohol, and caffeine), smoking, and certain medications.

Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and medical history. In some cases, further tests like an upper endoscopy or esophageal manometry may be performed to assess the esophagus and LES. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and prevent complications. This often involves lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, weight loss, and avoiding triggers. Medications, including antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), are commonly prescribed to reduce stomach acid production. In severe or persistent cases, surgery might be considered.