referentiekaders

Referentiekader (Dutch for “frame of reference”) is a set of reference points, norms, models, and values that guide thinking and action within a particular domain. It provides a coherent context for interpreting situations, organizing knowledge, and assessing outcomes.

The term combines referentie (reference) and kader (frame). In practice, a referentiekader denotes the framework of concepts, standards, and expectations used to evaluate or shape practice.

Contexts and uses include education and training, where referentiekaders define learning outcomes, competencies, and assessment criteria; research, where they supply a conceptual framework that shapes questions, methodologies, and interpretation; and policy, governance, and professional practice, where they set norms for accountability and evaluation. In these settings, a referentiekader helps align activities across partners and over time.

Components and application: a referentiekader typically includes core principles, definitions, criteria, indicators, and guidance for applying them to different situations. It is often developed by institutions or professional bodies and revised periodically to reflect new evidence, evolving norms, or changing contexts. It can be descriptive (describing current practice) or prescriptive (guiding future practice).

Relation to other concepts: it is closely related to norms, standards, and frameworks, but emphasizes underlying concepts and judgments rather than merely rules. Potential limitations include rigidity, misalignment with local or cultural contexts, and the need for ongoing adaptation and critical review to remain relevant.