rebacking

Rebacking is a bookbinding repair process in which the spine of a bound volume is replaced or reinforced to restore structural integrity while preserving as much of the original binding as possible. It is typically used when the spine lining has deteriorated, the spine is cracked or detached, or hinges and joints are weakened, but the boards and covers remain sound.

In practice, rebacking involves removing the damaged spine material from the case and creating a new spine lining or inner spine component that can be attached to the existing case. A new spine is then fitted and bonded to the boards or case, and the hinges may be reinforced to improve opening and closing. The goal is to restore usability without unnecessary loss of original material. Rebacking can be performed with the original cover material (cloth, leather, or paper) or with a new spine piece that visually harmonizes with the existing binding. Common adhesive choices include reversible bindings such as wheat starch paste or certain conservation-grade PVA formulations.

Rebacking differs from full rebinding, which often involves replacing the entire binding, including boards. Rebacking focuses on the spine while leaving intact many exterior elements; however, when the cover is severely damaged, a conservative rebinding may be considered. The process is commonly undertaken by professional conservators in libraries, archives, and specialized bindery settings, with attention to conservation ethics, reversibility, and documentation to preserve as much historical value as possible.