realtidspaket

Real-time packets are network data packets that carry time-sensitive information and require low, bounded latency, minimal jitter, and low packet loss. They are used in real-time services such as voice over IP, video conferencing, remote desktop and control, live streaming with interactive elements, and online gaming.

In IP networks, real-time packets are commonly transported using the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) over UDP. RTCP provides control and quality feedback. Real-time packets typically do not use reliable transport (TCP) for timing constraints, as retransmission may increase delay; though some systems combine methods. They may carry payloads like PCM audio and H.264 video.

Quality of service considerations: Because delay and jitter degrade the user experience, networks implement QoS to prioritize real-time traffic. This includes marking packets with Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) such as Expedited Forwarding (EF), class-based queueing, strict priority, or low-latency queueing. Techniques like traffic shaping, congestion control, and jitter buffers at receivers help smooth timing variations. Forward error correction (FEC) can mitigate loss.

Challenges and operational notes: Real-time traffic is sensitive to network conditions and may suffer from cross-traffic, NAT/firewalls, and path changes. Time synchronization (NTP or PTP) and proper signaling (SIP/SDP) aid interoperability. Real-time packets are distinct from best-effort data and generally require end-to-end considerations, particularly for large-scale deployments.