radioterapií

Radioterapie, also known as radiation therapy, is a medical treatment that uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It is a common form of cancer treatment, often used in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. The radiation damages the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from growing and dividing, and eventually leading to their death.

There are two main types of radiotherapy: external beam radiation therapy and internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy). External beam radiation therapy is the most common type, where a machine outside the body directs high-energy rays at the cancerous tissue. Brachytherapy involves placing radioactive sources directly inside or near the tumor.

Radiotherapy can be used to treat a wide range of cancers, including breast, prostate, lung, and head and neck cancers. The specific type and dose of radiation, as well as the treatment schedule, depend on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.

While radiotherapy is a powerful tool in cancer treatment, it can also cause side effects. These can vary depending on the area of the body being treated and the total dose of radiation. Common side effects include fatigue, skin irritation, and hair loss in the treated area. More serious side effects can occur, but they are less common. Doctors work to minimize these side effects and manage them if they arise. The benefits of radiotherapy in controlling cancer growth and improving survival rates are often weighed against the potential risks.