brachytherapy

Brachytherapy is a type of radiation therapy that uses a radioactive source placed directly into or near the body to deliver a high dose of radiation to a specific area. The term "brachy" comes from the Greek word for short, referring to the short distance between the source and the target tissue. This method is particularly useful for treating cancer in areas that are difficult to reach with external radiation, such as the prostate, cervix, and certain types of lung cancer.

The radioactive source used in brachytherapy can be in the form of seeds, wires, or catheters, depending on the specific treatment plan. The source is typically implanted under local anesthesia and remains in place for a short duration, ranging from a few hours to several weeks, depending on the type of source and the treatment plan. The high dose of radiation delivered by brachytherapy can effectively kill cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue.

Brachytherapy is often used in conjunction with external beam radiation therapy, which delivers radiation from outside the body. This combined approach, known as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), can provide more precise and effective treatment for certain types of cancer. Brachytherapy is also used as a standalone treatment for certain types of cancer, such as prostate cancer, where it can be an effective and well-tolerated option.

The effectiveness of brachytherapy depends on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer, the location of the tumor, and the patient's overall health. It is important for patients to discuss the benefits and risks of brachytherapy with their healthcare team to make an informed decision about their treatment options. Brachytherapy is typically performed in a hospital or outpatient clinic, and patients may experience some side effects, such as fatigue, nausea, and urinary or bowel issues, depending on the treatment plan.