quiltning

Quiltning, or quilting, is the textile craft of assembling two or more fabric layers into a single, cushioned textile. A typical quilt consists of three layers: a decorative top, a middle batting or wadding for warmth, and a longer fabric back. The layers are joined by stitching, after which the edges are finished with a binding.

The top is often created by piecing smaller fabric pieces (patchwork) or by appliqué and embroidery. Quilting stitches pass through all layers to hold them together; techniques include hand quilting, machine quilting, free-motion quilting, and longarm quilting.

Common materials include cotton or wool fabrics, polyester batting, and cotton thread. Tools include a rotary cutter, cutting mat, rulers, pins or basting sprays, needles, and sewing machines. Binding is usually stitched to enclose the raw edges.

Quilting has historical roots in many cultures and periods. In North America, quiltmaking flourished in colonial times and the 19th century, often as a communal activity known as quilting bees. Quilts have served practical purposes and functioned as artistic or commemorative objects, reflecting social history and personal stories.

In contemporary practice, quilting ranges from traditional patchwork and appliqué to modern and art quilts that emphasize design and technique. The craft is sustained by maker communities, museums, and charitable programs that donate quilts to those in need.