quilt

A quilt is a textile composed of three layers: a top layer made from fabric, a middle batting or insulating layer, and a backing fabric. The layers are joined by stitching, called quilting, which can be decorative or functional. The outer edge is finished with a binding to enclose the layers.

The top layer may be pieced from many fabric scraps (patchwork) or cut from a single piece of fabric and may include appliqué. Quilting can be done by hand or with a sewing machine, and the stitching patterns range from practical basting to elaborate motifs. Common batting materials include cotton, wool, and synthetic fibers; quilt backings are often cotton or linen.

Quilting has deep historical roots in many cultures. In Europe and North America, quilts have been produced since at least the early modern period, with quilts playing a practical role in warmth and a social role in communities through quilting bees and exhibitions. The 20th century saw a revival of interest in traditional styles and the emergence of art quilts, which focus on design and expression as much as function.

Styles and patterns vary widely. Traditional patchwork designs include nine-patch, log cabin, flying geese, and churn dash, while crazy quilts feature irregular shapes. Banner methods include applique and whole-cloth quilts. In contemporary practice, quilts range from bed coverings to large works mounted as wall art.

Quilting is a global craft tied to cultural identity, memory, charity, and storytelling. Museums, galleries, and contemporary artists increasingly recognize quilts as both functional objects and works of art.

Care and preservation depend on materials. Most quilts are gently washed by hand or on a delicate cycle, then air-dried. Storage should protect against light, humidity, and pests; acid-free storage and occasional airing help prevent deterioration.