questionario

Questionario is a structured data collection instrument composed of a set of questions designed to elicit information from respondents. It is widely used in social science research, market research, education, and public health. Questionarios can be self-administered or conducted by an interviewer, and they may be delivered on paper, by mail, or online.

Questionarios typically include closed-ended questions (dichotomous yes/no, multiple choice, rating scales) and open-ended questions. Common formats include Likert scales, semantic differential scales, and simple dichotomous items. Designers often incorporate skip logic and conditional questions in digital versions to tailor the sequence of questions based on previous answers.

Effective questionarios use clear, neutral wording and avoid leading, double-barreled, or biased items. They should consider the length to prevent respondent fatigue and include pre-testing or pilot testing to assess comprehension, reliability, and validity. Reliability refers to consistency of results, while validity concerns whether the instrument measures what it aims to measure.

Administration methods vary: online surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, or mail. Proper sampling and questionnaire design are required to ensure representativeness and minimize bias. Data from questionarios require cleaning, coding of qualitative responses, and statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics and, where appropriate, inferential methods.

Ethical considerations include informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, and data protection. Respondents should be informed about the purpose, intended use, and storage of their responses and rights to withdraw. Common limitations include response bias, nonresponse, social desirability effects, and the limited depth of information from standardized items.