qoyilgan

Qoyilgan is an Uzbek term used as a past passive participle derived from the verb qo‘y- “to place” or “to put.” As a participial adjective, qoyilgan describes something that has already been placed or laid, indicating a completed action related to placement. It commonly functions attributively to modify a noun, and can also appear in predicate form in sentences.

Morphology and usage. The suffix -ilgan is used to form past passive participles from verbs, yielding a sense of “having been Xed.” In Uzbek, qoyilgan typically follows the noun it modifies when used attributively, and the meaning is similar to “the thing that has been placed.” For example, stolga qoyilgan kitoblar means “the books placed on the table.” In a predicate position, a sentence like Kitoblar stolga qoyilgan bo‘ldi—“The books have been placed on the table.”

Etymology and orthography. The form comes from the verb qo‘y- with the -ilgan suffix. In standard Uzbek orthography, the verb is written as qo‘y- with the apostrophe, though ASCII renderings may appear as qoyilgan in informal contexts.

Nuance and scope. Qoyilgan emphasizes the result of the action (the placement) rather than the act itself. It is widely used in descriptive writing, reporting, and everyday speech to indicate that an object has been positioned or arranged.

See also. Related forms include other -ilgan participles formed from verbs in Uzbek, used to express completed actions and resulting states.