põhjusanalüüs

Põhjusanalüüs, commonly translated as root cause analysis (RCA), is a systematic problem-solving method used to identify the underlying causes of incidents or problems. Instead of merely addressing the immediate symptoms, RCA aims to uncover the fundamental reasons why an issue occurred. This approach is crucial for preventing recurrence and improving processes, systems, or products.

The process typically begins with defining the problem or incident clearly. Following this, data is gathered to understand the sequence of events leading up to the issue. Various techniques can be employed, such as the "5 Whys" method, which involves repeatedly asking "why" until the root cause is identified, or fishbone diagrams (Ishikawa diagrams) that help categorize potential causes. Once potential causes are identified, they are analyzed to determine which are the true root causes. Finally, solutions are developed and implemented to eliminate or mitigate these root causes. The effectiveness of the implemented solutions is then monitored.

Põhjusanalüüs is widely used across numerous fields, including healthcare, manufacturing, IT, and aviation. Its application helps organizations learn from mistakes, enhance safety, improve efficiency, and reduce costs by preventing future failures. The goal is not to assign blame but to understand systemic weaknesses and implement corrective actions that lead to lasting improvements.