péremption

Péremption is a term used to describe the expiry or invalidity of something due to the passage of time. It refers to the moment when a use, right, or status ceases to be valid or actionable, either because a shelf life has ended or because a time limit for taking action has elapsed. The concept appears in both everyday language and formal legal contexts, with meanings that vary by domain.

In everyday and commercial usage, péremption commonly relates to shelf life. Many products, particularly food, medicines, and cosmetics, carry dates indicating until when they should be used to ensure safety or quality. After the indicated date, the producer or retailer may not guarantee the product, and disposal or special handling may be advised. Péremption in this sense is connected to consumer protection rules that aim to prevent deterioration of safety or effectiveness.

In law, péremption denotes a fixed time limit after which a right or remedy cannot be exercised. This is different from prescription, which governs the acquisition of rights or the ability to bring claims and can often be interrupted or extended under certain circumstances. Péremption typically creates an absolute bar to action at the end of the period and is often less susceptible to tolling than prescription, though the precise rules depend on the jurisdiction. The concept is used in various legal fields, including civil, administrative, and contractual contexts, to promote certainty and finality.

Overall, péremption highlights the role of time in determining validity and enforceability, whether for products or rights. See also expiration, shelf life, and prescription for related notions.