pulmonaalihypertensian

Pulmonaalihypertensia, known in English as pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs and the right side of the heart. This elevated pressure makes it difficult for the heart to pump blood through the lungs, leading to reduced oxygenation of the blood. The condition can be progressive and serious.

There are several different types and causes of pulmonary hypertension. These include pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which can be idiopathic (of unknown cause) or associated with other conditions like connective tissue diseases, congenital heart defects, or certain medications. Other forms of PH are related to left heart disease, lung diseases (such as COPD or interstitial lung disease), chronic blood clots in the lungs (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension), or complex causes.

Symptoms of pulmonary hypertension can be vague and develop gradually. They often include shortness of breath, particularly with exertion, fatigue, chest pain, swelling in the ankles and legs, dizziness, and a racing or pounding heart. In some cases, a bluish tint to the lips or skin may be observed.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and various tests. These may include an electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, chest X-ray, CT scan, and most importantly, a right heart catheterization to directly measure pressures in the pulmonary arteries.

Treatment aims to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life. Options vary depending on the type and severity of PH and can include medications to relax blood vessels, reduce strain on the heart, or thin the blood. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered.