pudendusnervosta

The pudendal nerve is a mixed nerve originating from the sacral plexus, specifically from the S2, S3, and S4 nerve roots. It travels through the pelvis and is the primary sensory nerve of the perineum, the region between the anus and the genitals. It also innervates voluntary muscles in the pelvic floor, including the external anal sphincter and the external urethral sphincter.

The pudendal nerve's pathway is complex, passing through the greater sciatic foramen and then curving around the ischial spine to enter the pudendal canal (Alcock's canal). Within this canal, it branches into its terminal nerves: the inferior rectal nerves, the perineal nerve, and the dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris.

Functionally, the pudendal nerve plays a crucial role in several bodily processes. It provides sensation to the external genitalia, including the glans penis and clitoris, as well as the skin of the scrotum, labia, and perineum. It is also essential for sexual arousal and orgasm. Furthermore, it controls the voluntary muscles responsible for urinary and fecal continence, as well as muscles involved in ejaculation.

Disorders affecting the pudendal nerve, known as pudendal neuralgia, can cause chronic pain in the perineal area, often exacerbated by sitting. This pain can manifest as burning, stabbing, or tingling sensations. Other symptoms may include issues with bowel or bladder function, and sexual dysfunction. Causes of pudendal nerve entrapment or damage can include prolonged sitting, childbirth, pelvic surgery, or trauma. Diagnosis often involves a neurological examination and imaging. Treatment strategies aim to relieve pain and improve function and may include physical therapy, medication, or nerve blocks.