psykoosin

Psykoosin, or psychosis in Finnish, refers to a set of mental health conditions characterized by a break with reality. Core features include delusions (strong false beliefs), hallucinations (perceiving things that are not present), disorganized thinking, and significant impairment in daily functioning. Negative symptoms such as reduced motivation and social withdrawal may also occur.

Psychosis can be primary, as in schizophrenia spectrum and schizoaffective disorders, or secondary to mood disorders, substance use, medical illness, or neurological conditions. Onset typically occurs in late adolescence to early adulthood, but can occur at any age. Causes involve a combination of genetic vulnerability, neurochemical factors (notably dopamine dysregulation), brain structural differences, and environmental stressors. Substances such as cannabis or stimulants, or withdrawal from certain medications, can trigger psychotic symptoms in vulnerable individuals.

Diagnosis is clinical, based on patient history and examination, with evaluation for medical or substance-related causes. Diagnostic criteria from systems such as the DSM-5-TR or ICD-11 may be used. Imaging and laboratory tests can help rule out other conditions but are not themselves diagnostic of psychosis.

Treatment emphasizes antipsychotic medications (typical and atypical), along with psychosocial interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis, family education, and social skills training. Addressing co-occurring conditions and substance use is important. Early intervention programs can improve long-term outcomes and functioning.

Prognosis varies, with some individuals achieving substantial recovery and others experiencing recurrent symptoms. Adherence to treatment, timely access to care, and comprehensive support influence long-term outcomes.