psioriasis

Psioriasis, commonly known as psoriasis, is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by accelerated skin cell turnover that leads to thick, inflamed, scaly patches. The most familiar form is plaque psoriasis, but several other forms exist, including guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic psoriasis. The patches are typically well defined, red or pink, with silvery scales, and may itch or burn. Lesions most often appear on the elbows, knees, scalp, lower back, and nails; nail involvement is common and can cause pitting or thickening.

The disease arises from an immune-mediated process in which T cells trigger inflammation and rapid skin cell growth. Genetic predisposition plays a role, and environmental triggers such as infections, skin injury (Koebner phenomenon), stress, certain medications, or alcohol can precipitate flares. Psoriasis varies in severity from mild to severe and may be accompanied by psoriatic arthritis, which affects joints and the spine in a subset of patients.

Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on appearance and distribution. Biopsy is rarely needed. Management aims to control symptoms, reduce inflammation, and improve quality of life. Treatments range from topical therapies (high-potency corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, calcineurin inhibitors) for mild disease, to phototherapy (UVB) and systemic agents for more extensive disease. Systemic medications include methotrexate, cyclosporine, and retinoids, while biologic agents targeting TNF, IL-17, or IL-23 are used for moderate to severe cases. Regular monitoring for comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and mental health concerns is recommended.