psikologjia

Psikologjia, in Albanian, refers to the field known in English as psychology. It is the scientific study of mind, brain, and behavior, and it seeks to describe, explain, predict, and modify mental processes and actions across individuals and contexts. Psychologists use empirical methods to investigate perception, cognition, emotion, motivation, personality, development, social interaction, and mental health. The discipline integrates biological, psychological, and social levels of analysis.

The modern study of psychology began in the late 19th century with the establishment of psychology as a formal experimental science, exemplified by Wilhelm Wundt’s laboratory. Over time, it diversified into several theoretical traditions, including behaviorism, cognitivism, psychodynamic approaches, humanistic psychology, and biopsychology. The field now encompasses both basic research and applied practice, with applications in education, health, industry, and law.

Major subfields include clinical and counseling psychology, developmental psychology, social and personality psychology, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, health psychology, educational psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology. Methods range from controlled experiments and psychometric testing to longitudinal studies and neuroimaging. Ethical standards guide research and practice, particularly regarding consent, confidentiality, and the welfare of participants and clients.

Professional practice typically requires advanced university training and licensure, varying by country. Psychologists work in universities, clinics, schools, businesses, and government, contributing to mental health care, assessment, policy, and scientific knowledge.