psikolog

Psikolog is a professional who studies mental processes and behavior, applying scientific knowledge to understand, assess, diagnose, treat, and prevent mental health problems. Psychologists use interviews, observations, and standardized tests to evaluate cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning, and they may design and deliver interventions, provide psychotherapy, or conduct research to advance understanding of human behavior.

Education and licensing typically require extensive training in psychology, often beginning with a bachelor's degree followed by graduate study at the master’s or doctoral level. In many countries, practicing psychology clinically requires licensure or registration and supervised practice. Requirements vary by jurisdiction and may include examinations and continuing education.

Specialties and roles vary widely. Clinical and counseling psychologists work directly with individuals or groups to reduce distress and improve well-being. Educational or school psychologists focus on learning, development, and classroom supports. Industrial-organizational psychologists address workplace behavior, productivity, and organizational change. Other areas include developmental, neuropsychology, forensic, health, and sport psychology. Psychologists employ evidence-based approaches such as cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, and systemic therapies, and may also conduct assessment, research, and program evaluation.

Ethics and standards guide practice, emphasizing confidentiality, informed consent, competency, and professional boundaries. Ethical guidelines are issued by national and international associations, and psychologists are often bound by codes of conduct and continuing education requirements to maintain their registration or license.

Context and terminology: The term psikolog is widely used in Indonesian and other Malay-speaking contexts. It is distinct from psychiatrists, who are medical doctors that may prescribe medication, while psychologists primarily provide assessment and psychotherapy and rely on non-pharmacological interventions.