pseudoanévrysme

A pseudoaneurysm, also known as a false aneurysm, is a condition where a blood vessel wall is injured, leading to bleeding that forms a pulsating hematoma outside the vessel. Unlike a true aneurysm, which involves a dilation of all three layers of the arterial wall, a pseudoaneurysm is contained by the surrounding tissue rather than the vessel wall itself. This typically occurs after trauma, such as penetrating injury, surgery, or certain medical procedures like catheterization.

The formation of a pseudoaneurysm involves a breach in the artery's wall, allowing blood to leak into the surrounding tissues. This collection of blood then pulsates in sync with the heartbeat, creating a palpable mass. Symptoms can vary depending on the size and location of the pseudoaneurysm but may include pain, swelling, a pulsating sensation, and in some cases, signs of compromised blood flow to the distal tissues. Rupture of a pseudoaneurysm is a rare but life-threatening complication that can lead to significant hemorrhage.

Diagnosis is usually made through imaging studies, most commonly ultrasound with Doppler, which can visualize the turbulent blood flow within the false lumen and differentiate it from a true aneurysm. Other imaging modalities like CT angiography or MRI angiography may also be used. Treatment options depend on the size, location, and presence of symptoms, and can range from observation to less invasive methods like ultrasound-guided compression or thrombin injection. Surgical repair or resection may be necessary for larger or complicated pseudoaneurysms.