prócancerígenas

Procarcinógenos are substances or agents that are not themselves carcinogenic but can be converted into carcinogens within the body. This conversion process, often enzymatic, transforms a relatively harmless compound into a form that can damage DNA and initiate the development of cancer. The term "procarcinogen" distinguishes these compounds from direct carcinogens, which are immediately capable of causing cancer.

The activation of procarcinogens typically occurs through metabolic processes, primarily in the liver, mediated by enzymes like cytochrome P450. Once activated, these metabolites can bind to DNA, forming DNA adducts. If these adducts are not repaired efficiently by cellular mechanisms, they can lead to mutations during DNA replication. Accumulation of critical mutations in genes that control cell growth and division can then drive the process of carcinogenesis.

Many environmental chemicals and dietary components are known or suspected procarcinogens. For example, certain compounds found in tobacco smoke, grilled meats, and industrial pollutants fall into this category. Understanding the metabolic pathways involved in procarcinogen activation is crucial for assessing the risks associated with exposure to these substances and for developing strategies to prevent chemically induced cancers. Research in this area focuses on identifying procarcinogens, elucidating their activation mechanisms, and developing biomarkers to monitor exposure and the early stages of carcinogenic processes.