protokoll

Protokoll is a German noun with several related meanings, all rooted in the idea of a formal record or rule-set. The most common sense is a written account of what happened at a meeting: attendance, agenda, summaries of discussions, decisions, and assigned actions. Such a document is usually prepared by a secretary and later approved at a subsequent meeting.

In technology and communications, Protokoll denotes a protocol: a defined set of rules and conventions for transmitting and processing data between devices or software agents. Network and internet protocols, such as TCP/IP or HTTP, govern how information is formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and acknowledged. The term can also refer to the actual data that adheres to a given protocol.

In science, research, and medicine, a Protokoll (protocol) is a standardized procedure or plan used to conduct experiments, clinical trials, or treatment regimens. Protocols ensure reproducibility, safety, and compliance with regulatory requirements.

In diplomacy and administration, Protokoll describes formal etiquette and procedures governing ceremonies, precedence, greetings, and official interactions, as well as the written record of such events.

Etymology: Protokoll derives from protocole, ultimately from French and Latin roots, reflecting its historical role as a formal record or specification.