prosztatarák

Prosztatarák, also known as prostate cancer, is a common form of cancer that affects the prostate gland in men. The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder that produces seminal fluid. Prostate cancer typically grows slowly and may not cause symptoms in its early stages. When symptoms do occur, they can include difficulty urinating, a weak or interrupted urine stream, frequent urination especially at night, pain or burning during urination, blood in the urine or semen, and pain in the back, hips, or pelvis.

The exact cause of prostate cancer is not fully understood, but several risk factors are known. These include increasing age, with most cases diagnosed in men over 65. Family history is another significant factor; men with a father or brother who had prostate cancer are at a higher risk. Certain ethnic groups, particularly African American men, have a higher incidence rate. Lifestyle factors such as obesity and a diet high in red meat and dairy products may also play a role.

Diagnosis of prostate cancer often begins with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and a digital rectal exam (DRE). If these suggest a problem, further tests like a biopsy may be performed to confirm the presence and stage of cancer. Treatment options depend on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. They can range from active surveillance for slow-growing cancers to surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy for more advanced cases. Regular screening is recommended for men, particularly those with risk factors, to facilitate early detection and improve outcomes.