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Processor throttling, also known as CPU throttling, is a technique used to manage the power consumption and heat output of a computer's central processing unit (CPU). It involves temporarily reducing the CPU's clock speed when it is not fully utilized, thereby lowering the power draw and heat generation. This process helps to prevent the CPU from overheating and ensures that it operates within safe temperature limits.

Throttling is typically activated when the CPU's temperature exceeds a certain threshold or when the system's power consumption reaches a critical level. It can also be triggered by software, such as power management settings or thermal management tools, to optimize performance and extend the lifespan of the CPU.

There are different types of throttling mechanisms, including hardware-based and software-based solutions. Hardware-based throttling involves built-in sensors and controls within the CPU itself, while software-based throttling relies on the operating system or third-party applications to monitor and adjust the CPU's performance.

Processor throttling is an essential feature in modern computing, as it helps to maintain the stability and reliability of the CPU while ensuring efficient power usage. However, it can also lead to a temporary reduction in performance, particularly in tasks that require high CPU utilization. Users can monitor and manage throttling behavior through various tools and utilities available for their operating systems.