proresolutivos

Proresolutivos are a class of lipid mediators that play a crucial role in the resolution of inflammation. Unlike anti-inflammatory compounds that aim to suppress the inflammatory response, proresolvents actively promote the return of tissues to homeostasis after an inflammatory challenge. They are derived from essential fatty acids, primarily omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, through enzymatic pathways involving lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases.

These molecules are endogenously produced and act in a self-limiting manner. Key examples of proresolvents include lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Each class has distinct chemical structures and specific biological functions. For instance, lipoxins are known to inhibit neutrophil recruitment and promote macrophage efferocytosis, the process by which immune cells clear cellular debris and apoptotic cells. Resolvins, particularly those derived from EPA and DHA (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), also exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution activities.

The mechanism of action of proresolvents often involves binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors on various immune cells, modulating their behavior. By actively engaging these pathways, proresolvents orchestrate a coordinated shutdown of the inflammatory process, preventing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Research into proresolvents is an active area, with potential therapeutic applications in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Understanding these endogenous resolution pathways offers new avenues for treating conditions like arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.