propán

Propane, chemical formula C3H8, is a saturated hydrocarbon in the alkane family. It is widely sold as part of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a mixture of propane and other light hydrocarbons such as butane. At atmospheric pressure propane is a gas, but it can be compressed into a liquid for storage and transport. The liquid is colorless and odorless, but gas supplies are odorized to aid leak detection.

Propane is produced during the refining of crude oil and during natural gas processing. It is separated from heavier hydrocarbons and distributed for domestic, commercial, and industrial use. Common sources include LPG cylinders, tanker trailers, and bulk tanks.

Properties include a boiling point of about -42°C, making it easy to liquefy at modest pressures. It is non-polar, forms flammable mixtures with air, is denser than air, and is sparingly soluble in water.

Uses: Propane is a common fuel for residential heating and cooking in areas without natural gas distribution, for outdoor grills, portable heaters, and forklifts; it is also used as a fuel for engines in some vehicles (autogas). It serves as a feedstock in chemical industries.

Storage and handling: Propane is stored under pressure in steel cylinders or tanks. Cylinders require regulators, proper ventilation, and protection from heat and impact. Leaks can collect in low areas; leaks should be treated as fire hazards. Odorization helps detection.

Safety and environment: Propane is highly flammable and an asphyxiant in enclosed spaces. Combustion releases carbon dioxide and water; it has lower emissions than many other fuels but still contributes to greenhouse gases. Proper safety practices and regulations govern its storage, transport, and use.