promyelosytteisestä

Promyelosytteisestä is a Finnish term referring to promyelocytic leukemia, a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal promyelocytes, immature white blood cells, in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. This particular subtype, often specifically referred to as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), is distinguished by specific genetic translocations, most commonly the t(15;17) translocation. This translocation involves the PML and RARA genes, leading to the formation of a fusion protein that interferes with the normal maturation of myeloid cells. APL can present with a range of symptoms, including fatigue, bruising, bleeding, and infection, often due to the disruption of normal blood cell production. A significant complication associated with APL is disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a life-threatening condition characterized by widespread clotting and bleeding. Historically, APL had a poor prognosis, but significant advances in treatment, particularly the use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide, have dramatically improved outcomes, making APL one of the most curable forms of AML. Diagnosis typically involves a bone marrow biopsy and cytogenetic analysis to identify the characteristic genetic abnormalities.