prolaktiina

Prolactin, often abbreviated as PRL, is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. Its primary and most well-known function is to stimulate milk production in females after childbirth, a process known as lactation. Prolactin plays a crucial role in maternal bonding and nurturing behavior.

While its role in lactation is prominent, prolactin is present in both males and females and has other physiological functions. In females, it is involved in regulating the menstrual cycle and can influence fertility. In males, prolactin's exact functions are less understood but are thought to be related to reproductive health and possibly immune function.

The secretion of prolactin is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones, primarily dopamine, which inhibits its release, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates it. Factors like stress, sleep, exercise, and certain medications can also affect prolactin levels.

Elevated prolactin levels, a condition called hyperprolactinemia, can occur for various reasons. These include pituitary tumors (prolactinomas), certain medications, hypothyroidism, and stress. Symptoms of hyperprolactinemia in women can include irregular or absent menstrual periods, milky nipple discharge (galactorrhea), and infertility. In men, symptoms may include decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure prolactin levels, and further investigations may be needed to identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve medication or surgery.