prohormoon

A prohormone is a substance that is converted by the body's metabolism into an active hormone. In physiology, prohormones are often precursor forms that are cleaved or rearranged enzymatically to yield functional hormones such as androgens or estrogens. A common endogenous example is dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which can be converted to androgens or estrogens depending on tissue type.

Beyond physiology, the term has been used for synthetic or naturally derived compounds marketed as dietary supplements. These products are designed to be absorbed and then converted by enzymes in the body into more potent hormones, typically androgens. In the 2000s, a number of prohormone supplements were marketed to enhance athletic performance; many such products were subsequently restricted or banned in several jurisdictions due to safety concerns and accusations of circumventing drug laws.

Potential risks include hormonal imbalance, liver injury, cardiovascular effects, and side effects such as acne, hair loss, mood changes, and masculinization in women. Because prohormones vary in their conversion pathways and potency, their effects and safety profiles are unpredictable, and they are not approved medicines.

Regulatory status varies by country. In many places, sale of prohormone-containing supplements has been restricted or prohibited, and some specific prohormones are controlled substances. Clinically, prohormones are distinct from direct hormone therapies and from prodrugs that are activated in a controlled manner; their use is generally advised only under medical supervision when indicated.