programkrav

Programkrav, often translated as software requirements, is a term used in Swedish software engineering to describe the documented expectations that a software product must satisfy. A program is expected to behave in a specified way under defined conditions and constraints, and programkrav capture both what the system should do (functional requirements) and how well it should perform (non-functional requirements).

Functional requirements specify tasks, calculations, data handling and interactions with users or other systems. Non-functional requirements cover quality attributes such as performance, reliability, security, usability, maintainability and portability, as well as regulatory or compatibility constraints.

Requirements engineering is the process for defining, documenting, and maintaining programkrav. It typically includes elicitation from stakeholders, analysis and refinement, specification in a formal or semi-formal document, and validation with users and testers. Requirements are often tracked from origin to implementation via a traceability approach.

Common artifacts include a requirements specification (SRS), use cases, user stories or scenarios, and a traceability matrix linking requirements to design elements and tests. Clear, unambiguous language and measurable acceptance criteria help reduce ambiguity and scope changes.

Challenges in managing programkrav include incomplete or conflicting needs, changing requirements, and ensuring testability. Good practice emphasizes stakeholder involvement, prioritization, version control, and change management to maintain a stable baseline during development.

Standards and frameworks for requirements engineering, such as ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 and related software engineering practices, provide guidance on the structure and quality of programkrav. While terminology varies by country, the core idea remains: to specify what a software product must do and under what conditions.