prodynorfin

Prodynorphin is a precursor protein that is processed into a family of endogenous opioid peptides, collectively known as dynorphins. These peptides are found throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in other tissues like the gastrointestinal tract. The prodynorphin gene, also known as the *PDYN* gene, encodes this large precursor molecule.

The processing of prodynorphin is complex and involves a series of enzymatic cleavages. This results in the generation of several distinct dynorphin peptides, including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and the alpha-neoendorphin. These peptides differ in their amino acid sequences and lengths, but they all share a common N-terminal sequence that is essential for their opioid activity.

Dynorphins exert their effects by binding to opioid receptors, primarily the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). This interaction triggers a cascade of intracellular events that ultimately modulate neuronal activity. Dynorphins are involved in a wide range of physiological processes. They play significant roles in pain perception, with dynorphin acting both as an analgesic and, in some contexts, as an allodynic agent. They are also implicated in mood regulation, stress responses, and the control of feeding behavior. Furthermore, dynorphins have been linked to cardiovascular function and the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. Research into prodynorphin and its derived peptides continues to uncover their diverse roles in health and disease.