prashasti

Prashasti is a Sanskrit word that translates to "praise" or "eulogy." In a historical and literary context, it refers to a type of inscription or a poetic composition that extols the virtues, achievements, and lineage of a ruler or a significant person. These texts were often engraved on stone, metal plates, or written in manuscripts and served as official records and propaganda.

The earliest forms of prashasti can be found in ancient Indian inscriptions, such as the Hathigumpha inscription of Kharavela, which describes the king's military campaigns and benevolent deeds. Later, during the Gupta period and beyond, prashasti became a more elaborate literary genre, often composed by court poets. The Allahabad Pillar inscription of Samudragupta, attributed to Harishena, is a famous example, detailing the king's vast empire and military prowess.

Prashastis typically begin with a eulogy of the patron, often tracing their ancestry back to legendary figures or deities. They then enumerate the patron's accomplishments, including military victories, administrative reforms, religious patronage, and construction projects. The language used is usually ornate and hyperbolic, aiming to glorify the subject and legitimize their rule. While primarily intended to praise, prashastis also offer valuable historical information about the political, social, and cultural conditions of the time. They are crucial sources for reconstructing the history of ancient and medieval India.