povidonjod

Povidonjod, known in English as povidone-iodine, is an antiseptic prepared as a complex of iodine with the polymer povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone). The complex binds iodine and releases it gradually, enabling broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with reduced staining and irritation compared with elemental iodine. The antiseptic acts primarily through iodination and oxidation of microbial proteins and lipids, giving activity against bacteria (including many common pathogens), fungi, and some viruses. Its effectiveness can be diminished by organic material and it is not active against all spores.

Povidonjod is available in several topical forms, including aqueous solutions, ointments, surgical scrubs, and impregnated swabs, as well as certain mouthwash or gargle preparations used for antisepsis of the mouth and throat. It is widely used for preoperative skin preparation, wound cleansing, and for the treatment of minor skin infections. In dental or ENT settings, povidonjod formulations may be used for mucosal antisepsis, though alternatives exist depending on the clinical context.

Safety and precautions are important. Adverse effects are usually local and may include skin irritation or contact dermatitis; staining of skin and clothes can occur. Hypersensitivity to iodine is a concern for some individuals. Systemic absorption is possible with extensive application, and caution is advised in people with thyroid disorders or iodine allergy. It should not be used on large open wounds or during certain procedures without professional guidance, and accidental ingestion can be harmful. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should consult a clinician regarding use, and long-term or indiscriminate use is not recommended.