polümeerelektrolüütmembraan

Polümeerelektrolüütmembraan, often referred to as PEM, is a specialized material widely employed in various electrochemical applications, most notably in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). These membranes are typically thin films composed of ion-conducting polymers, with their defining characteristic being their ability to selectively conduct ions, usually protons, while acting as an electronic insulator. Nafion, a perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, is a prominent example of a material used for PEMs.

The primary function of a PEM in a fuel cell is to serve as the electrolyte. It separates the anode and cathode compartments, preventing direct contact between the fuel and oxidant, while allowing protons generated at the anode to migrate to the cathode. This controlled ion transport is crucial for the electrochemical reactions that produce electricity. The performance of a PEM is heavily influenced by factors such as its water content, which is essential for proton conductivity, and its mechanical strength and chemical stability under operating conditions.

Beyond fuel cells, PEMs find applications in other areas, including electrolysis, electrodialysis, and certain types of batteries. The precise composition and structure of the polymer can be tailored to optimize ion conductivity, selectivity, and durability for specific technological requirements. Research continues to focus on developing new PEM materials with improved performance, lower cost, and enhanced resistance to degradation.