polüdaktülia

Polydactyly is a congenital condition characterized by the presence of extra fingers or toes. It is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the hand and foot, affecting approximately 1 in 500 to 1000 live births. The extra digit can vary in size and shape, ranging from a small skin tag to a fully formed and functional digit.

Polydactyly can occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome. When it occurs in isolation, it is often inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that only one copy of the altered gene is needed to cause the condition. However, the genetic basis for isolated polydactyly is complex and can involve mutations in various genes. When polydactyly is part of a syndrome, it may be associated with other developmental abnormalities, such as skeletal, cardiac, or facial anomalies.

There are different classifications of polydactyly based on the location of the extra digit. Postaxial polydactyly, affecting the little finger or toe, is the most common type. Preaxial polydactyly involves the thumb or big toe, and central polydactyly affects the middle fingers or toes.

Treatment for polydactyly typically involves surgical removal of the extra digit. The timing of surgery depends on factors such as the digit's functionality, its impact on appearance, and the presence of any associated skeletal abnormalities. Early surgical intervention can help prevent potential functional and cosmetic issues.