polyvinylpyrrolidoneiodine

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine, often abbreviated as PVP-I or povidone-iodine, is a complex of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and elemental iodine. This complex is a widely used topical antiseptic and disinfectant. When PVP-I comes into contact with water, it releases small amounts of free iodine, which is the active antimicrobial agent. Iodine works by oxidizing essential cellular components of microorganisms, leading to their death. PVP-I is effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

The polyvinylpyrrolidone component serves as a carrier molecule, solubilizing the iodine in water and allowing for its controlled release. This formulation makes PVP-I less irritating and more stable than traditional iodine tinctures. It is commonly found in various medical settings, including hospitals, clinics, and households. Applications include skin antisepsis before surgical procedures or injections, wound cleansing, and as a gargle or mouthwash for oral hygiene. It is available in different concentrations, typically ranging from 0.5% to 10%, depending on the intended use. While generally safe for topical application, it can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals. Prolonged or extensive use, especially on large wounds or in infants, should be avoided due to potential systemic absorption of iodine.