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polypharmacology

Polypharmacology is the study and practice of developing and using medicines that interact with multiple biological targets or pathways. Unlike traditional pharmacology, which often seeks highly selective, single-target agents, polypharmacology embraces the idea that modulation of several targets within a disease network can yield therapeutic benefits.

Rationale includes addressing complex, multifactorial diseases in which redundancy and feedback loops limit the efficacy of

Approaches include designing single molecules with affinity for several targets (multi-target drugs), repurposing approved drugs that

Challenges involve predicting which target combinations will yield benefit, balancing efficacy with safety, managing drug–drug interactions

Examples include imatinib, which inhibits BCR-ABL, PDGFR, and c-KIT; aspirin, which inhibits two isoforms of cyclooxygenase;

single-target
therapies.
By
hitting
multiple
nodes,
there
may
be
improved
efficacy,
reduced
development
of
resistance,
and
more
robust
disease
modification.
However,
broader
target
engagement
can
also
increase
the
risk
of
adverse
effects
and
off-target
toxicity.
already
act
on
additional
targets,
and
using
combinations
of
drugs
that
act
synergistically.
Network
pharmacology,
systems
biology,
chemoinformatics,
and
phenotypic
screening
are
used
to
identify
and
validate
target
profiles
and
interactions.
in
combinations,
and
meeting
regulatory
expectations
for
polypharmacology.
Experimental
models
and
clinical
trials
must
assess
multi-target
effects
across
tissues
and
disease
stages.
and
various
antipsychotics
and
antidepressants
that
modulate
several
neurotransmitter
receptors.
Polypharmacology
is
actively
pursued
in
oncology,
neurology,
and
infectious
disease
to
address
complex
disease
networks.