polydentatio

Polydentatio is a term used in dentistry to describe the condition of having more than the normal number of teeth. This congenital anomaly is also known as hyperdontia or supernumerary teeth. While most humans are born with a set of 20 deciduous (baby) teeth and later develop 32 permanent teeth, individuals with polydentatio may have extra teeth in either or both dentitions. These extra teeth can vary in size, shape, and location, and may appear in any part of the dental arch.

The exact cause of polydentatio is not fully understood, but it is believed to have a genetic component. It can occur as an isolated condition or be associated with certain genetic syndromes, such as cleidocranial dysplasia or Gardner syndrome. Polydentatio can affect both the upper and lower jaws and can occur in single or multiple instances. The most common locations for supernumerary teeth are the maxillary incisor region (mesiodens) and the third molar area.

In many cases, polydentatio may not cause any symptoms and can be discovered incidentally during a routine dental examination. However, when present, the complications can include overcrowding of teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, impaction of existing teeth, malocclusion, and aesthetic concerns. In some instances, supernumerary teeth can also lead to the formation of cysts or affect the roots of adjacent teeth. Diagnosis is typically made through clinical examination and radiographic imaging, such as X-rays or CT scans. Treatment depends on the number, position, and impact of the extra teeth and may involve observation, orthodontic treatment, or surgical extraction.