polychronisch

Polychronisch (polychronous) is a concept in time orientation describing a preference for performing multiple activities simultaneously and for scheduling that is flexible rather than strictly fixed. In polychronism, social relationships and the broader context are often prioritized over adherence to a precise timetable.

The term combines the Greek poly- meaning “many” with chronos meaning “time.” It is commonly discussed in contrast to monochronic time, where tasks are tackled sequentially, punctuality is highly valued, and planning is explicit. The distinction is widely associated with cross-cultural studies of time usage, notably in the work of anthropologist Edward T. Hall.

Characteristics include multitasking, overlapping meetings, interruptions accepted as normal, and itineraries adapted to social needs. Transportation and scheduling may be more fluid, and relationships and obligations can determine the pace of work. In such settings, people may schedule around personal interactions and informal norms rather than around rigid deadlines.

Implications vary by context. In organizations, polychronic norms can enhance flexibility and relationship-building but may complicate scheduling, resource management, and punctuality. Researchers emphasize that time orientations exist on a spectrum and that individuals and situations mix polychronic and monochronic elements.

Critics warn against overgeneralizing cultures or assigning a fixed orientation to groups; personal preference, industry, and globalization influence time use. Polychronism is a component of broader discussions on time perception, work-life balance, and intercultural communication.