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Polyacrylates are a broad family of polymers derived from acrylate monomers, such as methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate, through free-radical polymerization. They range from water-soluble polymers used as thickeners and stabilizers to crosslinked networks that form gels and superabsorbent materials. The presence of carboxylate groups and varying molecular weights gives polyacrylates a wide spectrum of rheological and swelling properties, enabling tailored performance in different applications.

Synthesis and structure: Most polyacrylates are produced by radical polymerization of acrylate esters, often in the presence of initiators. By using crosslinking agents, more rigid, water-insoluble networks are formed; linear and branched architectures also occur. The resulting polymers can be anionic, with properties that depend on the ionic character, degree of crosslinking, and molecular weight. These factors influence viscosity, solubility, and swelling behavior.

Applications: Polyacrylates are used in paints, coatings, and inks as thickeners, binders, and stabilizers. In cosmetics and personal care products, they serve as thickening and emulsifying agents. They are central to diaper and other hygiene products as superabsorbent polymers, capable of retaining large amounts of water. Additional uses include paper coatings, adhesives, construction materials, and water-treatment formulations as flocculants or viscosity modifiers. Some crosslinked variants are used in oil and gas drilling fluids.

Safety and environment: In consumer products, polyacrylates generally have a favorable safety profile, though residual monomers like acrylic acid can be irritants. Crosslinked forms may cause irritation if mishandled. Many polyacrylates are not readily biodegradable, leading to concerns about persistence in the environment; proper disposal and regulatory compliance are important in manufacturing and use.