pneumotórax

Pneumothorax is a medical condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and the chest wall, known as the pleural space. This air then pushes on the outside of the lung and causes it to collapse, either partially or completely. The term "pneumothorax" itself comes from Greek words meaning "air" and "chest".

There are several causes for pneumothorax. It can be spontaneous, meaning it occurs without any apparent injury or underlying lung disease. This is more common in tall, thin young men. Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in individuals with pre-existing lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, or lung infections. Traumatic pneumothorax results from an injury to the chest, such as a broken rib, a stab wound, or a gunshot wound. It can also occur as a complication of certain medical procedures, like lung biopsies or the insertion of central venous catheters.

Symptoms of pneumothorax can vary depending on the size of the air leak and the extent of lung collapse. Common signs include sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. In more severe cases, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and a bluish discoloration of the skin may be present.

Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination and imaging tests, most commonly a chest X-ray. A CT scan may also be used for a more detailed view. Treatment depends on the severity of the pneumothorax and the patient's symptoms. Small pneumothoraxes may resolve on their own, while larger ones often require medical intervention. This can include observation, needle aspiration to remove air, or the insertion of a chest tube to allow the lung to re-expand.