pneumatyczn

Pneumatics, a term that corresponds to the Polish pneumatyczny and the English word pneumatic, refers to systems and devices powered by compressed air or other inert gases. It covers the generation, storage, regulation, and control of gas pressure to create motion and force, with applications ranging from simple tools to complex automated equipment.

Core components include air compressors or blowers, storage tanks, filters, regulators and lubricators, valves (manual, pilot, or solenoid), actuators such as cylinders and rotary motors, and sensors or controllers. Operation relies on the expansion of compressed air to move pistons or drive motors; speed and force are governed by pressure, cylinder area, and valve restriction, while compressibility affects control precision.

Pneumatic systems are widely used in manufacturing, packaging, robotics, automotive assembly, and material handling. They offer advantages such as simple construction, robustness in dirty or hazardous environments, clean operation, and fast cycling for repetitive tasks. Limitations include energy inefficiency from compression losses, leaks that waste power, and lower positional accuracy without sophisticated control compared with electric or hydraulic actuation.

Historically, pneumatics developed from early experiments with air pressure and expanded with reliable compressors, valves, and control methods in the 19th and 20th centuries. Modern standards and best practices address safety, leakage, and maintenance. The term pneumatics is widely used in engineering and industry to describe devices and systems that use compressed gas for actuation.