plier

A plier is a hand tool used for gripping, bending, and cutting small objects. It consists of two metal levers joined at a pivot, with handles on the ends and jaws at the working end. Pliers vary in size and jaw shape to suit different tasks.

Common types include slip-joint pliers, which have adjustable jaws via a pivot; groove-joint (channel-lock) pliers with multiple jaw settings; needle-nose pliers for reaching tight spaces; diagonal cutting pliers for cutting wire; and combination pliers that combine gripping and cutting functions. Locking pliers, or vise-grips, use a screw to hold a workpiece. Specialty pliers include water-pump pliers and snap-ring pliers.

Most pliers are made of hardened steel and tempered for strength. Jaws may be hardened and polished for grip; handles are often covered with rubber or plastic for comfort and electrical insulation. Some models are insulated and rated for electrical work.

Pliers are used in metalworking, electrical work, plumbing, jewelry making, and general maintenance. They grip objects firmly, bend or twist wires, crimp connectors, and, in some types, cut through wire. Proper selection and technique are important to avoid damaging parts or causing injury.

Pliers have ancient origins, evolving from pincers and tongs used in metalworking. Modern designs emerged over centuries, with standardized forms becoming common in the 19th and 20th centuries and expanding into specialized variants for various trades.