plattformuavhengige

Plattformuavhengige describes software, systems, or components that are designed to operate on multiple operating systems or hardware platforms with minimal or no modification. The objective is portability: a single code base or artifact can run on different environments such as Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile or embedded systems. Plattformuavhengige is often achieved through abstraction layers, standardized interfaces, or runtime environments that hide platform-specific details from the application.

Common approaches include high-level languages with platform-independent runtimes or bytecode (for example Java and the Java Virtual Machine, or .NET and its common language runtime), interpreted languages (Python, Ruby) that rely on an available interpreter, and web-based technologies that run inside a browser. Cross-platform user interfaces can be built with toolkits such as Qt, GTK, or wxWidgets. Containerization and virtualization (Docker, virtual machines) help guarantee a consistent execution environment, increasing portability beyond the language or toolkit level.

Benefits include wider reach, easier maintenance through a single code base, and simpler deployment. Tradeoffs may involve performance overhead, larger runtimes, and partial or uneven support across all platforms. Graphical user interface behavior and system-level features can still require platform-specific adaptations. Testing and quality assurance become more complex due to variations in platforms.

Historically, platform independence has been a major goal of software engineering, with Java as a prominent example; more recently, open runtimes and containerization have broadened cross-platform capabilities. See also cross-platform software, portability.