plasztifikáció

Plasztifikáció is a Hungarian term that translates to plasticization in English. It refers to the process of adding plasticizers to a material, typically a polymer, to increase its flexibility, workability, and distensibility. Plasticizers are usually liquids or solids with low volatility and high boiling points that are incorporated into the polymer matrix. They work by reducing the intermolecular forces between polymer chains, allowing them to slide past each other more easily. This lowers the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, making it softer and more pliable at room temperature.

The application of plastifikáció is widespread, most notably in the production of plastics like polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Unplasticized PVC is rigid, but by adding plasticizers, it can be made flexible enough for use in applications such as electrical cable insulation, flooring, medical tubing, and inflatable structures. Different types of plasticizers exist, including phthalates, adipates, and citrates, each offering varying degrees of compatibility with different polymers and imparting different properties. The choice of plasticizer depends on the desired performance characteristics of the final product, such as its flexibility, durability, and resistance to chemicals or temperature fluctuations. Environmental and health concerns have also led to the development of alternative, non-phthalate plasticizers.