plastifikaator

A plastifikaator, also known as a plasticizer, is an additive that increases the plasticity or fluidity of a material. They are commonly used in plastics, particularly in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to make them more flexible, durable, and easier to process. Without plasticizers, PVC would be a rigid material.

Plasticizers work by embedding themselves between the polymer chains, reducing the intermolecular forces between them. This allows the polymer chains to move more freely, resulting in a softer and more pliable material. The type and amount of plasticizer used significantly influence the final properties of the plastic, such as its flexibility, low-temperature performance, and resistance to chemicals.

Common types of plasticizers include phthalates, adipates, and citrates. Phthalates have historically been the most widely used, but concerns about their potential health effects have led to increased research and use of alternative plasticizers. The selection of a plasticizer depends on the desired properties of the end product and regulatory requirements.

Plasticizers are incorporated into polymers through various manufacturing processes, such as extrusion, calendering, and injection molding. They are essential in the production of a wide range of everyday products, including cables, flooring, films, hoses, and medical devices. Their ability to modify material properties makes them a crucial component in the plastics industry.