piéoresistiiviset

Piéoresistiiviset is a Finnish term that translates to "piezoresistive" in English. Piezoresistivity refers to the property of certain materials to change their electrical resistance when subjected to mechanical stress or strain. This phenomenon is a type of electrical resistance variation, distinct from the piezoelectric effect which generates an electric voltage in response to mechanical stress.

Materials exhibiting piezoresistivity can be broadly categorized. Metals, such as the alloys commonly used in strain gauges, show a relatively small piezoresistive effect. Semiconductors, on the other hand, can display a much more pronounced piezoresistivity. This greater sensitivity makes them particularly useful in a variety of sensing applications.

The underlying mechanism for piezoresistivity in semiconductors involves changes in the material's band structure and carrier mobility when deformed. Applied stress can alter the energy levels of electrons, affecting how easily they can move through the material and thus changing its resistance.

This property is exploited in the design of various sensors. Piezoresistive sensors are widely used to measure pressure, force, acceleration, and strain. For example, a diaphragm subjected to pressure can be equipped with piezoresistive elements. As the diaphragm deforms under pressure, the piezoresistive elements change resistance, and this change can be measured and correlated to the applied pressure. Their reliability, sensitivity, and relatively simple manufacturing process contribute to their widespread adoption in both industrial and consumer electronics.