pipings

Pipings, in common usage, refers to the network of pipes and allied components used to convey fluids, gases, or slurries within buildings, plants, or infrastructure. The plural form "pipings" is rarely used in technical literature; "piping" is the standard term for the discipline and the system, while "pipes" refer to the individual tubes.

Piping systems comprise pipes, fittings, valves, flanges, gaskets, supports, and insulation. Materials vary by application and include metals such as steel, stainless steel, copper, and cast iron, as well as plastics such as PVC, CPVC, polyethylene, and PEX. Selection depends on factors like pressure, temperature, chemical compatibility, and economic considerations. Joints use welding, soldering, brazing, threaded connections, or mechanical couplings.

Design and installation follow standards and codes set by standards organizations. In the United States, process piping may be designed to ASME B31.3, power piping to ASME B31.1, and architectural plumbing to various local codes. Internationally, ISO standards cover piping design, testing, and materials. Systems are engineered for pressure ratings, thermal expansion, and insulation.

Applications include building services plumbing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), oil and gas processing, chemical and pharmaceutical plants, and municipal water and wastewater networks. Pipelines may be underground or above ground, and may require corrosion protection and leak detection.

Maintenance involves inspection, leak testing, coating and corrosion control, and repair or replacement of worn components. Proper design and maintenance of pipings are essential for safety, efficiency, and environmental protection.