pigmenttihäiriön

Pigmenttihäiriö refers to a condition characterized by abnormal pigmentation of the skin. This can manifest as either an overproduction of melanin, leading to hyperpigmentation, or an underproduction, resulting in hypopigmentation. The causes of pigmenttihäiriö are diverse and can include genetic factors, hormonal changes, sun exposure, inflammation, or certain medical conditions.

Hyperpigmentation often appears as dark spots, patches, or freckles. Common examples include melasma, which is often triggered by hormonal fluctuations, and lentigines, also known as age spots, which are typically associated with cumulative sun exposure. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can occur after skin injuries like acne or eczema.

Hypopigmentation, on the other hand, results in lighter areas of skin. The most well-known condition is vitiligo, an autoimmune disorder where melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, are destroyed. Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a generalized lack of melanin production throughout the body. Other causes of hypopigmentation can include fungal infections or scarring.

Diagnosis of pigmenttihäiriö usually involves a visual examination by a dermatologist. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to determine the underlying cause. Treatment approaches vary depending on the specific type and cause of the pigmenttihäiriö and may include topical creams, laser therapy, chemical peels, or, in the case of vitiligo, phototherapy. Protection from sun exposure is often a crucial part of managing and preventing further changes in skin pigmentation.