phoxinus

Phoxinus is a genus of small freshwater fish belonging to the cyprinid family. Commonly known as minnows or dace, these fish are widely distributed across temperate regions of Europe and Asia. They are typically small in size, with many species measuring only a few centimeters in length, though some can reach up to 15 centimeters. Phoxinus species are characterized by their elongated bodies, small mouths, and typically dark-colored backs that fade to a lighter belly, often with a lateral stripe.

These fish inhabit a variety of freshwater environments, including streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes. They generally prefer clear, well-oxygenated water with some aquatic vegetation. Phoxinus are omnivorous, feeding on small invertebrates, insect larvae, algae, and plant matter. They play an important role in the food web, serving as a food source for larger fish, birds, and other aquatic predators.

Reproduction in Phoxinus usually occurs in spring or summer. Spawning typically takes place over gravel or vegetation. The exact reproductive strategies vary between species, but they generally lay small eggs that are fertilized externally. Many species of Phoxinus are social and can be found in schools, particularly when young.

The genus Phoxinus includes numerous species, such as Phoxinus phoxinus (the Eurasian minnow), which is common throughout Europe, and Phoxinus laevis (the common dace), also found in Europe and parts of Asia. Conservation statuses vary among species, with some being widespread and common, while others may face threats from habitat loss, pollution, and introduced species.