pharmacokinetiku

Pharmacokinetiku is the study of the fate of substances administered to a living organism. It describes how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs, often summarized by the acronym ADME. The goal is to predict drug concentrations over time and to guide dosing for efficacy and safety.

Key parameters include bioavailability (the fraction reaching systemic circulation), clearance (the volume of plasma cleared per unit time), and the volume of distribution (a theoretical volume correlating amount of drug with concentration). The elimination half-life describes how long it takes for the concentration to reduce by half. Route of administration, organ function, age, and interactions influence these values.

Analytical approaches: compartmental models (one- and multi-compartment) estimate drug movement between blood and tissues; noncompartmental analysis uses statistical moment methods. Population pharmacokinetics uses data from groups to describe variability and to inform dosing in subpopulations.

Applications: dose selection and regimen design, drug interaction assessment, and therapeutic drug monitoring for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows. Pharmacokinetiku informs regulators, clinicians, and researchers about expected exposures, potential toxicity, and differences among individuals.

Limitations: real-world factors such as disease states, concomitant medications, genetics, and nonlinear kinetics can complicate predictions. Pharmacokinetiku is commonly studied alongside pharmacodynamics to understand exposure–response relationships.